Deicing and Anti-icing

The deicing and anti-icing operation must be suited for each airport, company and local setting. However airworthiness and operational regulations state that no one can take-off in an aircraft that has any contamination on critical surfaces. Even if the procedure of deicing the aircraft the varies, all critical surfaces shall be clean. Anti icing the aircraft sets its own requirements of fluid to be used. Mechanical ways cannot be seen as an anti-icing procedure, the surfaces shall be protected from refreezing. Only certified fluids and accepted procedures are to be used. The clean aircraft concept shall be set as the only way of operating.

Regarding issues with water compliance, deicing and anti-icing chemicals management poses the highest threat to airport managers. Deicing and anti-icing practices are required by the FAA to ensure passengers and crew are safely operating. Unfortunately, performing these acts without discharge controls can greatly affect the ecosystem with devastating environmental impacts. Discharges from deicing operations have the potential cause fish kills, algae blooms and contamination to surface or ground waters. In addition to potential aquatic life and human health impacts from the toxicity of deicing and anti-icing chemicals, the biodegradation of propylene glycol or ethylene glycol in surface waters can greatly impact water quality, including significant reduction in dissolved oxygen levels. The impact of these additives effect on the environment are not yet understood.

Reference 

https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/deicing/media/standardized_international_ground_deice_program.pdf